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                <text>Typed letter sent from Dr. Alfred E. Stearns to Admiral H.K. Tu.  Thanks Tu for the Christmas present.  States it has not yet arrived but is still grateful.  States son has improved in financial responsibilities.    States improvement in studies has not happened yet.  Discusses current events in China.</text>
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                <text> &#13;
January 17, 1927&#13;
&#13;
Admiral H.K.Tu &#13;
Admiralty &#13;
Peking, China&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mr. Tu:&#13;
&#13;
I have delayed answering your letter of November 26 in the hope that I might be able to acknowledge receipt of and thank you for the onerous Christens tokens which you refer to as having sent me by American express.  So far the box has not yet appeared but I am just as grateful to you for the thought, even though the actual objects may have been lost. It was good of you to think of me, especially at the Christmas season, though it is my earnest wish that you should not feel that you are in any way obligated to me because of the little that I have tried, and am still trying to do for year son. I count it a real privilege to be able to help these youngsters from a foreign land to make the most of their Amarican stay and connections, and I have derived a great deal of enjoyment in the attempt.&#13;
&#13;
I think it only fair to say that your boy appears to be facing his financial obligations this year with a much keener sense of responsibility than he had previously shown. While his natural inclination is to spend freely, he seems at least to have kept his expenses pretty well within bound since current school year opened. I  am not sure that he is making quite so good progress in his studies as he ought to make. I have constantly urge him and his instructors as well to &#13;
&#13;
 We are naturally concerned over the reports that reach us from China these days, and I can only hope that matters will eventually and speedily adjust themselves on a plane that represents complete justice to all and that will guarantee for the future a strong and united nation. I can well imagine that the strain upon you must be very great in these uncertain days, and my sympathy and good will go out to you in fullest measure.&#13;
Wishing you a truly happy and prosperous New Year and with kind personal regards, believe me&#13;
&#13;
	 Very sincerely yours.&#13;
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                <text>Typed letter sent from Dr. Alfred E. Stearns to Admiral H.K. Tu.  Gave letter of introduction to Carl H. Elmore and wife.  Hopes Tu will extend courtesy to them if they have the privilege of meeting.</text>
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                <text>January 30, 1930&#13;
Admiral H. K. Tu&#13;
148 Fok Sui Li &#13;
Route Joseph Frelupt&#13;
Shanghai, China&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mr. Tu: &#13;
&#13;
I have taken the liberty of giving this letter of introduction to my good friends, Mr. Carl S. Elmore and his wife, of Englewood, New Jersey.  &#13;
&#13;
Dr. Elmore io pastor of one of the largest and most active churches in Englewood,- a church with which many of our Andover boys have been associated, and now attended by many of their fathers. He has also been a regular preacher at Phillips Academy and is a vans friend of the school, I shall appreciate very deeply any courtesy which you may be willing to extend to Dr and Mrs. Elmore if they happen to be in your vicinity and have the privilege of meeting you.&#13;
&#13;
Very sincerely yours,&#13;
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                <text>Typed letter sent from Dr. Alfred E. Stearns to Admiral H.K. Tu.  Will continue to encourage K.Y. Tu to write home.  Enclosed copy of son's account.  Acknowledged receipt of $600 from Tu's brother.</text>
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                <text>January 31, 1927&#13;
Admiral H.K.Tu&#13;
Ministry of Navy&#13;
Peking, China&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mr. Tu: 	&#13;
&#13;
I am very grateful to you for your letter of December 28 recently received. &#13;
&#13;
I have urged your son to write you oftener, for I am distressed that he should have neglected this plain duty and privilege. There is no excuse for this, and I shall try to make this clear to him from now on. &#13;
&#13;
I am sending you this week a statement of the account to date, so that you may know just how far and in what way the boy’s money has been extended. I am also acknowledging this week the receipt from your brother of an additional check for $600.00 which has been credited to your boy’s account. &#13;
&#13;
With kind personal regards, believe me&#13;
Very sincerely yours, &#13;
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                <text>Typed letter sent from Dr. Alfred E. Stearns to Admiral H.K. Tu.  Received letter of May 28 with check of $600.  Asked K.Y. Tu to meet in Andover to discuss future plans.  Met Mrs. Pettingill, whose husband had been stationed in Peking.  Hopes to continue hearing form H.K. Tu.</text>
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                <text>June 23, 1931&#13;
&#13;
Admiral H.K.Tu&#13;
148 Fok Sui Li&#13;
Route Joseph Frelupt&#13;
Shanghai, China&#13;
&#13;
My dear Admiral Tu:&#13;
&#13;
I have your interesting letter of May 28, with the accompanying draft for six hundred dollars for the credit your boy. Needless to say, I will see that your instructions are carried out to the best of my ability, and I am writing Kong today asking him to come out to Andover as soon as he can to discuss with me his plans. I can only hope that the boy’s stay and training in this country, however much he may have failed to achieve high results scholastically, may prove in the end to have been well worth while and enable him to render as a result a larger and more helpful service to his country and the world. My good will and best wishes will follow him back to the homeland, and I shall hope most earnestly to hear of his later progress and successes there. In the meantime, xxfriendly ad sympathetic cooperation which you have always contributed to wards every effort put forth in your boy’s behalf has been more deeply appreciated by me than I can never express. &#13;
&#13;
I chanced to meet at a dinner in a nearby city recently a warm friend of yours – Mrs. Pettingill, whose husband was formerly stationed, I believe, at the United States Legation at Peiping. We had a most interesting and enjoyable discussion of China and some of our mutual friends there, I am sure your ears would have burned, as we say in America, if you could have heard the good things that were said about you. Mrs. Pettingill, if I have the name correctly, is certainly a warm admirer of yours. &#13;
&#13;
May I express the hope that even if Kong no longer furnishes the immediate occasion for your so doing, you will give me the great pleasure of letting me hear from you now and then, for I should hate to feel that I had lost complete touch with one for whom I have come to entertain so high a regard and whom I hope always to consider a friend. &#13;
&#13;
Very sincerely yours,  &#13;
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                <text>Typed letter sent from Dr. Alfred E. Stearns to Admiral H.K. Tu. Acknowledge receipt of check and restates willing to wait until the exchange rate is better.  Apologizes for delay in response. Had an unexpected surgery and hospital stay.  Hopes K.Y. Tu will begin work soon.  Discusses current events in China, specifically the Japanese invasion and events in Manchuria. Hopes to hear events from Tu's perspective.</text>
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                <text>March 17, 1932&#13;
Admiral H.K. Tu&#13;
148 Route De Frelupt&#13;
French Concession&#13;
Shanghai, China&#13;
&#13;
My dear Admiral Tu:&#13;
&#13;
Your letter of November 20 reached my desk while I was convalescing in a Boston hospital following an unexpected but I am glad to say, very successful operation. My secretary out of consideration for me, held the letter and hence I have not been able to answer it before this. Its receipt, however, was acknowledged at the time and the check you were good enough to clear up Kong’s account was duly depsosited to accomplish that end. I am so sorry that you had to send this at a time when the exchange was so heavily again you, for, as I had already intimated, I should have been perfectly willing to allow the matter to rest until things worked out to better advantage for you. &#13;
&#13;
What you write me of Kong is most interesting, and I do hope that the boy will get down to work and realise that life hasn't anything worth while in it that can be had without labor. Please remember me most warmly to him and assure him that my best wishes will always follow him and that I shall be more than pleased if he should ever feel disposed to write me himself and tell me of his life and progress.&#13;
&#13;
I here thought of you again and again during those recent weeks when the thoughts of the whole world have turned so frequently and so sympathetically to China. You wrote at the time the Manchurian trouble was just developing, and what terrible things have happened since then! It is just impossible for the human mind, in times of calm, at least, to figure what could have happened to the Japanese to drive them on to this orgy of brutality and murder, for at this distance, at least, we can conceive of it in no more charitable way. Some way, I cannot help feeling that out of it all will come a more united China and with that union, the actual strength which has for so long remained potential only, and which we have all recognised once it became centralized and unified would completely change the face of the Orient, if not of the world. Certainly China today enjoys the esteem and respect of the Western world to an extent that he has never known before, though I am not sure, in view of happenings of only recent years, just how valuable that esteem and respect would be regarded in the eyes of an all-seeing God. It is just tragic to think that these things have had to be won through the sheer ability to fight when nations the world have been attempting to tell us, in rather stumbling language to be sure, that the days of force have passed and that strength and security lie with those who are unarmed.  &#13;
&#13;
Needless to say, I shall await with the keenest and most eager interest anything that you may care to write me of that has happened and what is in prospect, viewing the situation from the angle from which you would naturally see it. The newspapers here don’t tell half enough, and I imagine that even now we know very little of what has actually happened or why. That the sympathy of the American people has been almost without reservation enthusiastically and generously with China and the Chinese, I need hardly say.&#13;
&#13;
Again my thanks for your letter, and believe me, with warm and friendly regards,&#13;
&#13;
Very sincerely&#13;
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                <text>May 24, 1930&#13;
Admiral H. K.Tu,&#13;
Chinese Legation&#13;
87 Rue de Babylon&#13;
Paris, France&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mr. Tu: &#13;
I have just received your interesting letter of May 16, and am sorry that you have not been kept better informed as to your boy’s whereabouts and plans, let me say at the outset that his lodging address for some time has been and still is 438 Columbus Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts.&#13;
&#13;
Kong is finishing out his year at the Huntington school, end should be through there this coming month. He has discovered and so reported to me that there is a summer session at one of the business schools in Boston, and he has consequently decided to take the summer course so that this schools offers as a preparation for the regular course he expects to begin next fall with the best of these business schools, and with which he has already registered. Apparently Kong has accepted this plan with some interest, if not actual enthusiasm and I am very hopeful that once he gets started in this new work he will give it his best, and make steady and really worth while progress.&#13;
&#13;
I note with interest that you are still in Europe, though I had supposed that you would have been well on your way to China, if not actually back in the homeland by this time. I am sending this letter to Paris, therefor, in the hope that it will reach you before you leave. I still recall with the kindest pleasure our contacts in London and the generous and friendly treatment I then end always have received at your hands. May I wish you all of life’s best blessings for the days and years ahead.&#13;
&#13;
Very sincerely yours.&#13;
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                <text>November 5, 1929&#13;
Admiral H. K. Tu &#13;
148 Fok Sui Li&#13;
Route Joseph Frelupt &#13;
Shanghai, China&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mr. Tu: &#13;
&#13;
I am enclosing herewith a letter which I have just written to your boy in answer to one received from him yesterday and the contents of which have distressed me beyond words. I really don’t know what I ought to do, for not for the world would I leave Kong stranded in a position that would mean real disaster to him. At the same time, he has so utterly ignored the instructions of both you and me that I feel that something definite and rigid has to be done if the boy is not to go on drifting hopelessly and indefinitely. Further, he has absolutely ignored me now for months and not even hinted that he was not carrying out the instructions which you earlier sent him through me and which at the time he agreed to obey. I find that he is back once more attempting school work with boys years below his age with no definite goal that I can see in view. It seems to me most deplorable. Under the circumstances I have felt that it is only fair to you that you should know exactly how I view the situation, and hence I am sending you herewith a copy of the letter I here just written him.&#13;
&#13;
I still have on hand funds which you have sent me sufficient to carry the boy for several months. The school bill which he has just sent me calls for 160.00 and the allowances for which he has asked would probably consume a good part of the funds on hand. I have not felt Justified in paying this bill and for the reasons given in my letter; If you authorise me to do so, I shall of course comply promptly with your instructions, for I have only one desire and that is to carry out your expressed wishes and thereby to do what seems to you best for the boy himself. I should be disposed to be more lenient if Kong himself had not practically ignored me for the past two or three years except on those occasions when he desired money. I have pleaded with him again and again and have appealed to his loyalty and the responsibility he owes to you, and apparently in vain.&#13;
In the letter I have just received from the boy, he tells me that a friend of his. Mr. William Moy, has written you pleading in his behalf and that I will  doubtless receive some instructions from you to pay his bills and approval from you as to the plans he has adopted. Of course the moment any such instructions are received, I shall act promptly upon them whatever feelings I may have as to the wisdom of such a course, but I do feel that I must have your endorsement to follow before taking such an important step, especially in view of the instructions received from you at an earlier date.&#13;
&#13;
May I suggest that if it is your desire that Kong be given this further opportunity to pursue elementary studies, a cable message to this effect be sent me, for I have no doubt that the boy must be living at present on his friends and I am especially anxious to take no position or to do anything that will involve farther embarrassment, financially or otherwise, to you.&#13;
&#13;
Assuring you again of my very sincere regret that I have to write in such a vein as this and that I seem to have been so completely unsuccessful in helping you realise your high ambitions for your boy, believe me, with personal regards,&#13;
&#13;
Very sincerely yours,&#13;
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                <text>October 25, 1927&#13;
Admiral H. K. Tu .&#13;
C/o H.K.Tang&#13;
Chihli River Commission&#13;
Tientsin, China&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mr. Tu:&#13;
&#13;
I have recently received your interesting letter of September 21, which came at a time when I was on the point of writing yon frankly and fully in regard to your son and my great concern over his seeming failure to make satisfactory progress in his studies. The case has proved a very perplexing one for me, and developments are such that I feel that in justice to both you and the boy I must be very frank in what I have to say.&#13;
&#13;
In the first place, let me report that I have done my best to carry out your instructions in regard to a possible dental course for your boy. Bequests for information in regard to the admission requirements of the best dental colleges in this country brought out the fact that practically every dental school of the first rank now requires a college degree for admission. That in itself seems to be wholly cut of the reach of your boy. In answer to a personal letter of inquiry of mine to Dean of Tufts Dental School, one of the best in the country, wrote me that he knew of only two dental schools worthy of the name that would admit students on less preparation than the completion of a college course. One of them, which he designated as located in the South, he branded as hardly worthy of the name and one which he could not conscientiously recommend. The other was the Dental School of the University of California.&#13;
&#13;
I wrote at once to the University of California and asked for full information, receiving somewhat later their catalogue. From the catalogue it appears that admission is granted only to those who have completed a full high school course. To meet even this lower requirement your boy will have not less than three more years of hard work, assuming that he is able to pass in his studies and maintain a satisfactory standing In his classes. This to date he has not done, and from the reports of his instructors, which have just come to me, there seems little prospect that he can or will do so.&#13;
&#13;
I can’t decide clearly in my own mind just where the trouble lies. The boy made his first attempt with us and failed badly to meet the requirements of our lowest class. At my suggestion he tutored steadily for a time in English, chiefly, for &#13;
I believed that his faulty knowledge of the English language was at the bottom of his trouble. Finding that he was still unable to do our work here in Andover, I accepted hie suggestion that he enter a smaller school and one of somewhat lower standards out in New York State, which he did. We remained there two years, as you know, and the reports which I received from time to time from that school varied somewhat in their character and increased my doubts as to just what the boy was accomplishing. At the end of the past year I felt that if he were ever to do our work and meet the scholastic requirements which Chinese boys who come to us regularly do meet, he must attempt work in a higher grade institution like our own. Consequently I allowed him to come back here again on trial.&#13;
&#13;
At the present time the boy is rated in our Lower Middle, or second year. Class where he is repeating a great deed of work already covered elsewhere. Even so, the first scholarship rating of the term indicates that he is far below grade in all of his studies and his instructors assure me that he seems utterly unable to meet their requirements and attain passing grades. Such being the situation, I can’t see any hope that the boy is going to be able to carry out your plan and gain admission to a dental school. Very probably his failure to do better in his work is due in part to his maturity, for he is much older than most of the boys who come to us and the older a boy gets, the more difficult he finds it to master elementary subjects.&#13;
&#13;
I have talked with Kong very frequently ahout the situation, but I think that he, too, is a bit discouraged. Personally I have never felt that he showed any serious ambition in his work, and I must always believe that he could have done somewhat better in his studies if he had really set himself earnestly to that task. On the other hand, it seems clear that his studies come hard to him at best and I don’t wish to appear to blame him unfairly for results which may not, after all, have been wholly his fault.&#13;
&#13;
As I look on the situation now, and basing my opinion on my experience with the scores of Chinese students with whom I have been privileged to have contacts in recent years, I have a strong conviction that your boy is not likely to gain very much by a further continuation of his American education. I hate to say this for it carries with it some indication of failure on my part to aid you in realising your ambition for your son. On the other hand, you, as the boy’s father , are entitled to an absolutely frank and unbiased statement on my part , and this I have attempted to give. I have thought of business schools as offering a possibility, but the best of them like the Harvard Business School*require college degrees for admission, and the next best one I can think of is the Wharton School of finances at the University of Pennsylvania, which requires the equivalent of a full high school course. Here again, we are up against the same obstacles, and they seem insurmountable. There are so-sailed business colleges of a still lower grade which give their students good courses in accounting, business practice, stenography and typewriting, etc., and that seems to be about the only thing left, if Kong is to remain in this country. Even so, these schools are almost all located in large cities and make no provision for the outside life and control of their students beyond the time they are actually in the class room. I should naturally hesitate very much to place a boy of my own in such an environment in a foreign land, and I must necessarily feel the same hesitancy in considering the welfare of your son.&#13;
&#13;
The boy himself is pretty well discouraged at present and hardly knows what he ought to do. I have told him that I would write you very frankly and fully and, to facilitate matters, would suggest in my letter that, after giving the problem careful consideration, you cable me instructions for the future. Kong evidently is unable to continue his work here at Phillips Academy. If he were an American boy, he would have been dropped from our list at this last scholarship rating, but X have persuaded the faculty to take no such action until I hear further from you. He could, of course, go off to some other smaller and more elementary school, but at his age such a course X am sure would be of no permanent value to him and might even do him definite harm. &#13;
&#13;
I am sure you will appreciate the spirit which prompts me to write what is not easy for me to write and what I know will be keenly disappointing to you. Knowing your deep interest in your boy and your ambition for his future, I am distressed beyond words not to be able to send you a more favorable report or paint a brighter picture of the future. On the other hand, we know from experience that it often happens that boys who are not cut out for scholars become eminently successful in other lines and often make as valuable contributions to the welfare of the world as od their more scholarly mates. The great problem now is to plan wisely for the boy’s immediate future, and I shall welcome full and frank instructions, preferably by cable, from you to govern my further actions.&#13;
&#13;
With my very kindest regards, believe me&#13;
&#13;
Very sincerely yours,&#13;
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                <text>Typed letter sent from Dr. Alfred E. Stearns to Admiral Tsai, Ting-kan.  Acknowledges receipt of money for children's education and expenses.  Promises to handle the money responsible, in light of the trouble and uncertainty currently in China.  Discusses bank interest on the accounts for his children and the best place to deposit the money.  Discusses children's progress.  Discusses plans to place the children in camp for summer vacation.  Awaits direction on Helen's future education.  Appreciates the suggestions on people the children should meet.  Dr. and Mrs. Nye are kind to the children and Mrs. Dwight Hall is the wife of an old Andover classmate.</text>
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                <text>February 18, 1927&#13;
Admiral Tsai, Ting-kan	&#13;
9 Ma Ta Jen&#13;
Huting, East City &#13;
Peking, China&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mr.Tsai:&#13;
&#13;
I have duly received your welcome and interesting letter of January 15 with the accompanying first draft for 9,000.00, to be credited to the accounts of your children to cover their later education and other necessary expenses in this country. I can readily understand that, in view of the unsettled conditions in China and the varying rates of exchange, it may seem to you wise to make these advance remittances, and I can assure you that I shall be glad to do everything in my power to see that they are handled properly and in a way that will insure at least some gain to you by the process.&#13;
&#13;
For the past two years, or thereabouts, I have persuaded our local bank:, where I have kept the deposits in behalf of the Sun children and one or two other Chinese wards of mine, to allow me a small interest on the deposit owing to the fact that the balance there has been generally of fair proportions. As it is a checking account, therefore the amount of that interest has never been more than one to one and a half percent. The sum that you have sent and perhaps are to add to, since in the main it will remain for some time a stable account, is naturally entitled to a much more generous return than this, and I will see that it gets it.&#13;
&#13;
My impression now is that, if one or two savings banks, including our local bank which has an exceptionally high rating, can be persuaded to take individual deposits of sufficient size, it will be probably best to place the bulk of your remittance with them. Our New England Savings Banks regularly give from 4 ½ to 5 per cent interest, but the amount of individual deposits is regularly limited to not more than two thousand dollars. The next best proposition would probably be to make use of some good Trust Company like the Old Colony Trust Company of Boston, where I think we can count on 3½ to 4 percent. I will see that you are advised a bit later of the final decision, so that you may now Just how matters stand.&#13;
&#13;
Both the children seem to be in the best of condition. Only this morning I had a very cheerful note from Helen, prompted by the announcement of the good marks she had received on her mid-year’s report, a copy of which report has already been mailed to you, I think. Fortunately, they both seem to be able to stand our New England winter climate in the best of shape. Just now I am wondering a little what to plan for the coming summer. In all probability the best arrangement will involve high grade summer camps where a limited amount of study can be continued and wholesome out-of- door life is the rule. This is the arrangement I have regularly followed with my other Chinese wards. I am also awaiting with keen interest advices from you as to your wishes for Helen’s later education, since, as I have already written you, the selection of her school and courses for next year must necessarily be influenced a good deal by the question of whether or not she is to take a college course in America later. I count on you to advise me fully on this point. &#13;
&#13;
I am very glad to have your suggestions about home and persons with whom you are glad to have your children come in contact. Dr. and Mrs. Nye have been especially kind to the children, and I believe the youngsters have enjoyed their visits there. Curiously, Mrs. Dwight Fall, to whom you refer, is the wife of one of my old classmates of school days here in Andover. I know the family and connections very well, for they are very intimate friends of our Treasurer, Mr. Sawyer, who, in turn is my closest friend and whose oldest brother married Dwight Hall’s sister, and I am sure that your children will make many good friends while they are in this country, and it is, and will be, my aim to have them meet the best. &#13;
&#13;
Again my thanks for your generous and friendly letter. Please assure your good wife that I count it a rare privilege as well as I ensure to play the father, if I can, to those most delightful and responsive children.	&#13;
&#13;
With kindest personal regards and best of wishes to you all, believe me&#13;
&#13;
Very sincerely yours,&#13;
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                <text>February 21, 1927&#13;
Admiral Tsai, Ting-kan&#13;
9 Ma Ta Jen&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mr.Tsai:&#13;
&#13;
This letter is written to acknowledge the receipt of your recent letter of  January 20 and follows by only a day or two my letter written you on receipt of the draft for the $9,000. 00 in question. I have also cabled you in accordance with your instructions and as follows:&#13;
“Tsai, Ting-kan. Peking. Races.”&#13;
&#13;
With these two assurances you will not need anything further, I imagine, to make clear that the money in question have been duly received and deposited in the bank to the credit of your two children. As I wrote you, I shall doubtless place part of it, for a time at least, in a saving bank or banks, so that you may have the advantage of the 4 ½ or 5 percent interest which these banks allow.&#13;
&#13;
My own idea has been to have the children go to some summer school or summer camp; if the latter, a camp which provides for definite study. This has been the usual practice of most of my Chinese wards and is the plan adopted by a good many of our American boys and girls as well. There are bound to be periods at the beginning and end of the summer between the closing of school and the opening of the camp season and the closing of the camp season and the opening of the school in the fall which are a bit difficult to handle. I hope, though, that we can provide even for these periods in a way that will be satisfactory to the children and that will offer them a happy let-down from their regular work. I should, of course, attempt to select a place or places that would offer the best possible associations and surroundings.&#13;
&#13;
Very sincerely yours.&#13;
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